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Left: a two-component vortex soliton, Right: a dipole-mode vector soliton. One of the most important research highlights of 2000 is the prediction of a new object in the nonlinear physics, a dipole-mode vector soliton. This is a composite optical beam that carries a dipole momentum and can be understood either as a Hermite-Gaussian guided mode trapped by a soliton-induced waveguide or as a bound state of two simpler solitary waves in a bulk medium, the so-called "molecule of light". This and other, more complicated and intriguing objects have been predicted and demonstrated experimentally (in collaboration with a team of the Laser Physics Centre), including quadrupole vector solitons and "necklace" beams. This topic attracted a great interest of other groups with almost simultaneous experimental verifications done at Princeton (USA) and Technion (Israel). Our results gained several invitations for the major research meetings in optics (Nonlinear Optics OSA Topical Meeting, OSA Annual Meeting, SPIE Symposium on Beam and Pulse Propagation, NATO Summer School, etc), and were also presented as a post-deadline paper at CLEO/Europe (Nice). Other advances in the theory of spatial optical solitons include the rigorous stability analysis of multi-parameter solitary waves [ Phys. Rev. E 62, 8668 (2000) ], the comprehensive overview of the transverse and modulational instabilities of solitary waves [ Phys. Rep. 331, 117 (2000) ], the study of both linear and nonlinear properties of the vortex-induced waveguides [ Opt. Lett. 25, 660 (2000) ], analysis of solitons in photonic crystals, etc.
Collision of a dipole-mode soliton ("a molecule of light") with a scalar soliton.
Experimental results demonstrating (a,b) the formation of a dipole-mode soliton, and (c,d) its collision with a scalar soliton and the linear to angular momentum transfer.
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